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	<title>HEALTH &#8211; BDNewsExpress</title>
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		<title>Health Minister for on-site monitoring to ensure quality healthcare services</title>
		<link>http://bdnewsexpress.com/2026/02/19/health-minister-for-on-site-monitoring-to-ensure-quality-healthcare-services/</link>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Feb 2026 14:26:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[BDNewsExpress]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[HEALTH]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bdnewsexpress.com/?p=28455</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Health and Family Welfare Minister Sardar Md Sakhawat Hossain today announced that the government will conduct on-site monitoring at hospitals to ensure that doctors are providing proper and timely services to patients. He made the announcement while speaking as the chief guest at an orientation meeting on the overall activities of the ministry held at [&#8230;]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Health and Family Welfare Minister Sardar Md Sakhawat Hossain today announced that the government will conduct on-site monitoring at hospitals to ensure that doctors are providing proper and timely services to patients.</p>
<p>He made the announcement while speaking as the chief guest at an orientation meeting on the overall activities of the ministry held at its conference room in the capital.</p>
<p>Reaffirming the government&#8217;s commitment to ensuring quality healthcare services across the country, the minister said, &#8220;We want to guarantee the highest standard of services in hospitals.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;We will carry out our responsibilities in line with the directives and guidance of the Prime Minister,&#8221; he added.</p>
<p>Stressing accountability in patient care, he warned that negligence in providing medical services would not be tolerated.</p>
<p>&#8220;We will make immediate visits to hospitals to see whether the doctors on duty are discharging their responsibilities properly. Everyone must be accountable,&#8221; he said.</p>
<p>He added that all activities of the ministry must directly benefit the people and that no syndicate would be allowed to gain undue advantage in the health sector.</p>
<p>Highlighting the importance of inclusive healthcare, the minister said the Prime Minister has directed that services be ensured equally for all citizens, regardless of political affiliation.</p>
<p>Addressing the meeting, State Minister for Health and Family Welfare Dr M A Muhit outlined existing challenges in the sector, noting that many posts remain vacant in various departments and institutions.</p>
<p>&#8220;Due to these vacancies, people are being deprived of necessary services. Steps must be taken to fill the vacant posts promptly. We also need to place greater emphasis on improving the quality of medical education,&#8221; he said.</p>
<p>The meeting was chaired by Health Secretary Md. Saidur Rahman and was attended, among others, by Director General of the Directorate General of Health Services Prof. Dr. Md. Abu Jafor.</p>
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		<title>Police must live up to public expectations: Home Minister</title>
		<link>http://bdnewsexpress.com/2026/02/19/police-must-live-up-to-public-expectations-home-minister/</link>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Feb 2026 14:04:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[BDNewsExpress]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bangladesh Police]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bdnewsexpress.com/?p=28449</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Home Minister Salahuddin Ahmed has directed police and other law enforcement agencies to quickly fulfill public expectations by gaining the trust of the people, emphasizing democratic reforms and institutional restructuring as top priorities. &#8220;The disciplined forces, including the police, must earn public trust by meeting the aspirations of the people,&#8221; he said. He made the [&#8230;]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Home Minister Salahuddin Ahmed has directed police and other law enforcement agencies to quickly fulfill public expectations by gaining the trust of the people, emphasizing democratic reforms and institutional restructuring as top priorities. &#8220;The disciplined forces, including the police, must earn public trust by meeting the aspirations of the people,&#8221; he said.</p>
<p>He made the remarks during a view-exchange meeting with the heads of various departments and organizations under the Ministry of Home Affairs at the conference room of the Bangladesh Secretariat today.</p>
<p>The Home Minister said that after nearly a decade and a half, a political government has been formed through a transparent election, raising high hopes among citizens.</p>
<p>&#8220;People have high expectations from us. We want to quickly implement our election manifesto to fulfill those expectations. Democratic reforms in various law enforcement agencies, including the police, must be prioritized in line with public expectations,&#8221; he said.</p>
<p>Salahuddin Ahmed, also a Standing Committee Member of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), further stated that rebuilding public confidence requires restructuring institutions under the Home Ministry and improving ethical standards within the forces.</p>
<p>&#8220;To achieve this goal, we need to recruit the necessary manpower. Budget approval from the Ministry of Finance is also an important issue. With new recruitment and coordinated efforts from everyone, we aim to accomplish our objectives,&#8221; he added.</p>
<p>The minister stressed the need for a comprehensive and timely development plan for police and other law enforcement agencies.</p>
<p>He instructed department heads to prepare suggestions and recommendations to help formulate and implement the reform plan, which will determine priority areas for action.</p>
<p>Secretary (Routine Responsibilities) of the Ministry of Home Affairs Md. Delwar Hossain, Inspector General of Police Baharul Alam along with heads of various departments, organizations, and relevant divisions of the ministry, were present at the meeting.</p>
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		<title>Brain training reduces dementia risk by 25pc, study finds</title>
		<link>http://bdnewsexpress.com/2026/02/10/brain-training-reduces-dementia-risk-by-25pc-study-finds/</link>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2026 11:07:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[BDNewsExpress]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[HEALTH]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bdnewsexpress.com/?p=28305</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Researchers announced on Monday that a randomised controlled trial &#8212; considered the gold standard for medical research &#8212; has finally identified something capable of significantly lowering people&#8217;s risk of developing dementia. And rather than an expensive drug, it was a cheap and simple brain-training exercise that was found to decrease dementia rates by a quarter, [&#8230;]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Researchers announced on Monday that a<br />
randomised controlled trial &#8212; considered the gold standard for medical<br />
research &#8212; has finally identified something capable of significantly<br />
lowering people&#8217;s risk of developing dementia.</p>
<p>And rather than an expensive drug, it was a cheap and simple brain-training<br />
exercise that was found to decrease dementia rates by a quarter, according to<br />
the study.</p>
<p>&#8220;For the first time, this is a gold-standard study that&#8217;s given us an idea of<br />
what we can do to reduce risk for developing dementia,&#8221; study co-author<br />
Marilyn Albert of Johns Hopkins University in the United States told AFP.</p>
<p>Although there are a vast amount of brain-training games and apps which claim<br />
to fight off cognitive decline, there has been little high-quality, long-term<br />
research proving their effectiveness.</p>
<p>The US team of researchers warned that their study &#8212; which only found one<br />
specific type of training made a difference &#8212; does not mean that all brain-<br />
training games are effective.</p>
<p>Their trial, called ACTIVE, began in the late 1990s.</p>
<p>More than 2,800 participants aged 65 or older were randomly assigned one of<br />
three different types of brain training &#8212; speed, memory, or reasoning &#8212; or<br />
were part of a control group.</p>
<p>First, the participants did an hour-long training session twice a week for<br />
five weeks. One and three years later, they did four booster sessions. In<br />
total, there were fewer than 24 hours of training.</p>
<p>During follow ups after five, 10 and most recently 20 years, the speed<br />
training was always &#8220;disproportionately beneficial&#8221;, Albert said.</p>
<p>After two decades, Medicare records showed that the people who did the speed-<br />
training and booster sessions had a 25-percent reduced risk of getting<br />
dementia.</p>
<p>The researchers were surprised to find that the other two types of training<br />
did not make a statistically significant difference.</p>
<p>The speed training exercise involves clicking on cars and road signs that pop<br />
up in different areas of a computer screen.</p>
<p>&#8211; &#8216;Extraordinarily important&#8217; &#8211;</p>
<p>So why did speed training have such an impact? Albert said the researchers<br />
could only guess.</p>
<p>&#8220;We assume that this training affected something about connectivity in the<br />
brain,&#8221; Albert said.</p>
<p>One important difference was that it adapted to the abilities of the person,<br />
so became easier or more difficult as needed.</p>
<p>When asked about the study&#8217;s limitations, Albert said &#8220;there aren&#8217;t very<br />
many&#8221;. One quarter of the participants were from minorities, suggesting that<br />
the results should apply to everyone.</p>
<p>Discovering the exact mechanism for why speed training worked could help<br />
researchers develop a new, more effective exercise in the future, Albert<br />
said.</p>
<p>But the finding is already &#8220;extraordinarily important&#8221;, she emphasised,<br />
pointing out that reducing dementia among 25 percent of the US population<br />
could save $100 billion in patient care.</p>
<p>There have been numerous previous studies suggesting that people who have a<br />
healthier lifestyle have a lower risk of dementia. However, this research has<br />
been observational, which means it cannot directly demonstrate cause and<br />
effect &#8212; unlike randomised controlled trials.</p>
<p>Dementia affects 57 million people and is the seventh leading cause of death<br />
globally, according to the World Health Organization.</p>
<p>The speed training task is called &#8220;Double Decision&#8221; and is available via the<br />
brain-training app BrainHQ.</p>
<p>The study was published in the journal Alzheimer&#8217;s and Dementia:<br />
Translational Research &amp; Clinical Research.</p>
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		<title>Nurjahan calls for increased NGO activities in health sector</title>
		<link>http://bdnewsexpress.com/2026/01/30/nurjahan-calls-for-increased-ngo-activities-in-health-sector/</link>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Jan 2026 04:31:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[BDNewsExpress]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[HEALTH]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[SPECIAL ARTICLE]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bdnewsexpress.com/?p=28137</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Health and Family Welfare Adviser Nurjahan Begum has called upon private organizations, particularly NGOs, to increase their activities in the health sector alongside the government to ensure health services reach marginalized communities. &#8220;NGOs are already involved in areas such as maternal and child health, non-communicable diseases, elderly health care, and control of tobacco and tobacco [&#8230;]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Health and Family Welfare Adviser Nurjahan Begum has called upon private organizations, particularly NGOs, to increase their activities in the health sector alongside the government to ensure health services reach marginalized communities.</p>
<p>&#8220;NGOs are already involved in areas such as maternal and child health, non-communicable diseases, elderly health care, and control of tobacco and tobacco product use. I hope NGOs would continue to work alongside the government to ensure health services reach marginalized communities,&#8221; she said.</p>
<p>The adviser made these remarks as the chief guest at a views-exchange meeting titled &#8220;NGO Engagement in Health Services&#8221;, held at the conference room of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare at the Bangladesh Secretariat.</p>
<p>Fisheries and Livestock Adviser Farida Akhter and Chief Adviser&#8217;s Special Assistant for Health and Family Welfare Ministry Professor Dr. Md. Sayedur Rahman spoke as the special guests with Health Secretary Md Saidur Rahman in the chair.</p>
<p>In her speech, Farida Akhter emphasized the need to train midwives to prevent maternal and child mortality, noting that across the country-especially in rural areas-there is heavy reliance on midwives.</p>
<p>She also said that focusing solely on environmental movements is not enough; awareness activities to prevent non-communicable diseases must be increased.</p>
<p>Speakers at the meeting stressed the importance of giving attention to mental health and eye health. They also highlighted the need to ensure that fast-food shops are not located near educational institutions. They pointed out that child marriage affects not only girls but also boys, who are being married off at an early age, and emphasized the need to work on this issue as well.</p>
<p>The speakers underscored the necessity of Universal Health Coverage and expressed hope that health service centers would become more patient-friendly.</p>
<p>At the event, on behalf of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, a special honor was awarded to Valerie Ann Taylor, planner and founder of Bangladesh&#8217;s voluntary physiotherapy organization, the Center for the Rehabilitation of the Paralyzed (CRP).</p>
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		<title>UNDP, BSEC join forces to scale sustainable finance</title>
		<link>http://bdnewsexpress.com/2026/01/28/undp-bsec-join-forces-to-scale-sustainable-finance/</link>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Jan 2026 16:15:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[BDNewsExpress]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[HEALTH]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bdnewsexpress.com/?p=28118</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission (BSEC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) today. The MoU was signed at the BSEC Bhaban, Dhaka, Bangladesh, marking a significant step toward mobilizing long-term domestic and international capital for climate-resilient and socially impactful investments. Under the agreement, UNDP will support BSEC [&#8230;]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission (BSEC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) today.</p>
<p>The MoU was signed at the BSEC Bhaban, Dhaka, Bangladesh, marking a significant step toward mobilizing long-term domestic and international capital for climate-resilient and socially impactful investments.<br />
Under the agreement, UNDP will support BSEC in developing key market infrastructure, including a Sustainable Finance Taxonomy, an Impact Measurement and Monitoring Framework (IMMF), and a Third-Party Verification Mechanism.</p>
<p>These tools are expected to improve transparency, comparability, and credibility of thematic bond issuances, addressing a key concern for global investors, said a press release.</p>
<p>A central pillar of the collaboration is aligning Bangladesh’s thematic bond market with international standards, including those promoted under the EU-supported Global Green Bond Initiative (GGBI), backed by the Green Climate Fund.</p>
<p>Speaking at the ceremony, UNDP Bangladesh Resident Representative Stefan Liller said, “Bangladesh’s capital market has huge potential to raise long-term financing for high-impact environmental and social investments through thematic bonds. As Bangladesh advances beyond LDC status and faces rising climate risks, thematic bonds can help attract essential domestic and global capital. UNDP, in partnership with BSEC, is committed to strengthening the ecosystem needed to scale up these instruments.”</p>
<p>Khondoker Rashed Maqsood, Chairman of BSEC emphasized, “As the regulator, BSEC is committed to ensuring that our market framework evolves by strengthening governance, enhancing transparency, and building investor confidence. BSEC, in partnership with UNDP and other stakeholders, will continue to provide a supportive, predictable, and robust regulatory environment to enable this transformation”.</p>
<p>Highlighting UNDP’s global experience in supporting sustainable finance markets, Maliha Muzammil, Programme Specialist, UNDP Bangladesh, noted that the collaboration will focus on strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing issuer capacity, and ensuring robust impact measurement to crowd in private capital aligned with national development and climate priorities.</p>
<p>The ceremony was attended by Farzana Lalarukh, Commissioner, BSEC, Md. Ali Akbar, Commissioner, BSEC, and Owais Parray, Country Economic Advisor, UNDP Bangladesh, who underscored the importance of issuer readiness and credible impact reporting to build a robust pipeline of high-quality thematic bonds. Senior representatives from BSEC and UNDP were also present at the event.</p>
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		<title>Some food preservatives linked to higher cancer, diabetes risk</title>
		<link>http://bdnewsexpress.com/2026/01/27/some-food-preservatives-linked-to-higher-cancer-diabetes-risk/</link>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Jan 2026 16:31:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[BDNewsExpress]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[HEALTH]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bdnewsexpress.com/?p=28097</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Eating some common food preservatives is linked to a slightly higher risk of eventually developing cancer and diabetes, according to two large French studies published Thursday. However, outside experts called for more research and emphasised that these kinds of observational studies cannot demonstrate a direct cause-and-effect relationship. The first study, published in the journal BMJ, [&#8230;]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Eating some common food preservatives is linked to a slightly higher risk of eventually developing cancer and diabetes, according to two large French studies published Thursday.</p>
<p>However, outside experts called for more research and emphasised that these kinds of observational studies cannot demonstrate a direct cause-and-effect relationship.</p>
<p>The first study, published in the journal BMJ, said it observed &#8220;multiple associations between preservatives that are widely used in industrial foods and beverages on the European market&#8230; and higher incidences of overall, breast and prostate cancers&#8221;.</p>
<p>The preservatives included nitrites and nitrates, which are often used to cure ham, bacon and sausages.</p>
<p>The second study, published in Nature Communications, also found a link between eating some food additives and developing type 2 diabetes.</p>
<p>Both studies were based on an ongoing research project in which more than 100,000 French people fill out regular questionnaires about their diet.</p>
<p>French epidemiologist Mathilde Touvier, who supervised both studies, told AFP that &#8220;consuming products with preservatives does not mean you will immediately develop cancer&#8221;.</p>
<p>&#8220;But we need to limit how much we are exposed to these products,&#8221; she said.</p>
<p>&#8220;The message for the general public is to choose the least processed foods when shopping in the supermarket.&#8221;</p>
<p>The strongest link found in the first study was between sodium nitrite and prostate cancer, which increased the risk by around a third.</p>
<p>However, the level of increased risk remained moderate. For comparison, heavy smoking raises the risk of getting lung cancer by more than 15 times.</p>
<p>Potassium sorbate, which is commonly used to stop mould and bacteria from growing in food and drink, was associated with twice the risk of developing diabetes.</p>
<p>Researchers not involved in the studies praised its robust methodology but warned it was premature for consumers to change their behaviour until more research is conducted.</p>
<p>Tom Sanders, a nutrition expert at King&#8217;s College London, cautioned that the results could be &#8220;due to an inability to completely correct for other factors already known to contribute to risk&#8221;.</p>
<p>For example, processed meat and alcohol are both already strongly linked to higher cancer rates.</p>
<p>This could mean that it was not sodium metabisulphite &#8212; which is used in winemaking to kill yeast &#8212; that was causing cancer, but actually drinking the wine, Sanders suggested.</p>
<p>But one option could be to label foods &#8220;that use nitrates/nitrites with a health warning&#8221;, he added.</p>
<p>The studies were published days after the UK banned daytime TV, radio and online advertisements for unhealthy food and drinks that are high in fat, salt and sugar.</p>
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		<title>Govt to construct 1000-bed hospital in Nilphamari</title>
		<link>http://bdnewsexpress.com/2026/01/25/govt-to-construct-1000-bed-hospital-in-nilphamari/</link>
		<pubDate>Sun, 25 Jan 2026 17:35:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[BDNewsExpress]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[HEALTH]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NATIONAL]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SPECIAL ARTICLE]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bdnewsexpress.com/?p=28092</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The government today approved a major healthcare infrastructure project worth Taka 2,459.34 crore to establish a 1,000-bed Bangladesh-China Friendship General Hospital in Nilphamari. The project was approved by the Executive Committee of the National Executive Committee (ECNEC) aimed at ensuring modern and specialised medical services for people in the northern region of the country and [&#8230;]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The government today approved a major healthcare<br />
infrastructure project worth Taka 2,459.34 crore to establish a 1,000-bed<br />
Bangladesh-China Friendship General Hospital in Nilphamari.</p>
<p>The project was approved by the Executive Committee of the National Executive<br />
Committee (ECNEC) aimed at ensuring modern and specialised medical services<br />
for people in the northern region of the country and thus easing pressure on<br />
hospitals in Dhaka and Rangpur.</p>
<p>The project, titled &#8220;Establishment of a 1,000-bed Bangladesh-China Friendship<br />
General Hospital&#8221;, has an estimated cost of Taka 2,459.34 crore.</p>
<p>Of the total amount, Taka 179.27 crore will come from the government&#8217;s own<br />
resources, while Taka 2,280.07 crore will be financed through external<br />
sources, primarily with financial and technical assistance from the Chinese<br />
government.</p>
<p>The project will be implemented from January 2026 to December 2029 in<br />
Nilphamari sadar upazila under Rangpur division.</p>
<p>Talking to BSS, Planning Commission officials said the objective of the<br />
project is to establish a modern, specialised 1,000-bed general hospital to<br />
ensure quality healthcare for the people of northern Bangladesh.</p>
<p>The hospital will provide integrated general and specialised services,<br />
including nephrology, cardiology, oncology and neurology, enabling effective<br />
treatment of complex and long-term diseases.</p>
<p>Briefing reporters after the day&#8217;s ECNEC meeting, Planning Adviser Dr<br />
Wahiduddin Mahmud said the Bangladesh-China Friendship Hospital in Nilphamari<br />
is a strategic and timely initiative.</p>
<p>He said the proposal emerged from discussions at the highest level during the<br />
Chief Adviser&#8217;s visit to China, where the Chinese side expressed interest in<br />
supporting the construction of a highly modern hospital in Bangladesh.</p>
<p>Dr Mahmud clarified that the decision to establish the hospital in Nilphamari<br />
was taken by Bangladesh, not China, as part of a broader plan to gradually<br />
decentralise major national facilities from Dhaka.</p>
<p>&#8220;If we want real decentralisation, large and advanced institutions-whether<br />
universities, hospitals or technology institutes-must be established outside<br />
Dhaka,&#8221; he added.</p>
<p>He noted that Nilphamari&#8217;s location in the Rangpur region, traditionally<br />
affected by poverty and seasonal hardship, made it a strategic choice.</p>
<p>The presence of Syedpur Airport nearby is also expected to enhance<br />
accessibility. Given the planned standard of the hospital, he expressed hope<br />
that patients from neighbouring countries may also seek treatment there, as<br />
no similar facility of this level exists in the surrounding region.</p>
<p>Dr Mahmud added that while the project has been approved to facilitate the<br />
signing of a formal agreement with China, the final cost structure may be<br />
adjusted once the exact amount and nature of Chinese assistance are<br />
finalised.</p>
<p>The project also aims to reduce excessive patient pressure on hospitals in<br />
Rangpur and Dhaka through decentralisation of healthcare services, while<br />
ensuring timely and life-saving treatment through modern emergency<br />
facilities, ICU, CCU and HDU units, advanced diagnostic services and state-<br />
of-the-art operation theatres.</p>
<p>In addition, the hospital will contribute to medical research, training and<br />
human resource development, strengthening the overall capacity of the<br />
country&#8217;s health sector.</p>
<p>Modern technology, hospital automation, electronic health records (EHR) and<br />
digital health systems will be introduced to improve efficiency and patient<br />
care.</p>
<p>The initiative is also expected to reduce patients&#8217; treatment costs and<br />
travel-related hardship by ensuring equitable access to advanced healthcare<br />
services closer to home.</p>
<p>The main components of the project include a 10-storey main hospital building<br />
with a semi-basement covering approximately 993,691 square feet; a 10-storey<br />
professors&#8217; and senior doctors&#8217; quarters with semi-basement (96,800 square<br />
feet); a 10-storey doctors&#8217; dormitory with studio apartments (65,000 square<br />
feet); a two-storey duplex building for directors; two six-storey nurses&#8217;<br />
dormitory buildings; two 10-storey residential buildings for second-and<br />
third-class employees; a two-storey mosque; a one-storey hospital kitchen; a<br />
waste management plant; a five-storey service building; a hospital gas<br />
manifold and Vacuum Insulated Evaporator (VIE) tank facility; a helipad and<br />
automated ambulance system; and a two-storey generator and substation<br />
building.</p>
<p>Explaining the background of the project, officials said Nilphamari district<br />
has a population of around 2.1 million, most of whom live in rural and semi-<br />
urban areas.</p>
<p>Currently, healthcare services in the district mainly depend on the 250-bed<br />
Nilphamari General Hospital and primary healthcare facilities at the upazila<br />
level.</p>
<p>These facilities lack sufficient ICU, HDU, dialysis services, comprehensive<br />
cancer units, neuro-emergency care, cardiac care, burn and plastic surgery<br />
services, as well as specialised maternal and neonatal care.</p>
<p>As a result, critically ill patients are frequently referred to Rangpur<br />
Medical College and Hospital or Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, causing<br />
delays, higher costs and increased risks.</p>
<p>Officials believe the hospital will emerge as a sustainable tertiary-level<br />
healthcare institution, significantly reducing regional disparities in<br />
healthcare access and ensuring timely, quality and life-saving medical<br />
services for millions of people in northern Bangladesh.</p>
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		<title>Govt. recruits 3,263 officers under special BCS exam</title>
		<link>http://bdnewsexpress.com/2026/01/22/govt-recruits-3263-officers-under-special-bcs-exam/</link>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Jan 2026 19:01:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[BDNewsExpress]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[HEALTH]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SPECIAL ARTICLE]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bdnewsexpress.com/?p=27975</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The government today said it recruited 3,263 doctors officers under a special BSC exam for the health cadre. A Public Administration Ministry statement said the Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS) health cadre officers were recruited at the entry level through the 48th BCS (Special) examination-2025. It said 2,984 of the officers were recruited as assistant surgeons [&#8230;]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The government today said it recruited 3,263 doctors officers under a special BSC exam for the health cadre.</p>
<p>A Public Administration Ministry statement said the Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS) health cadre officers were recruited at the entry level through the 48th BCS (Special) examination-2025.</p>
<p>It said 2,984 of the officers were recruited as assistant surgeons 279 people as assistant dental surgeons.</p>
<p>The newly recruited doctors and the dentists will have to undergo basic training at the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Center or at a government-designated training institution and subsequent service related professional training at related organizations to be determined by the government.</p>
<p>The statement said the recruits would then have to work as probation officers for two years and if required their procession could be extended for as long as two more years.</p>
<p>If a probation officer is considered unfit to continue in the service during that period, he or she may be removed from the service in consultation with Bangladesh Public Service Commission (BPSC).</p>
<p>As per the notification, the government recruited 279 people as assistant dental surgeon and 2,984 as assistant surgeon under BCS (Health) cadre.</p>
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		<title>What we get wrong about dopamine</title>
		<link>http://bdnewsexpress.com/2026/01/22/what-we-get-wrong-about-dopamine/</link>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Jan 2026 18:54:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[BDNewsExpress]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[HEALTH]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LIFESTYLE]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bdnewsexpress.com/?p=27969</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sometimes dubbed the &#8216;pleasure chemical&#8217;, dopamine is often wildly misunderstood. Nikolay Kukushkin delves into what the much-discussed neurotransmitter really does to our brains. Our brains are amazingly useful things. But it seems that something&#8217;s broken in our relationship with them. As humans, we often feel that we are at war with ourselves. We want what [&#8230;]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="sc-82b3c53b-0 gDQlgg">
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<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA"><b id="sometimes-dubbed-the-'pleasure-chemical',-dopamine-is-often-wildly-misunderstood.-nikolay-kukushkin-delves-into-what-the-much-discussed-neurotransmitter-really-does-to-our-brains." class="sc-d16436d-0 gnUCoQ">Sometimes dubbed the &#8216;pleasure chemical&#8217;, dopamine is often wildly misunderstood. Nikolay Kukushkin delves into what the much-discussed neurotransmitter really does to our brains.</b></p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Our brains are amazingly useful things. But it seems that something&#8217;s broken in our relationship with them.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">As humans, we often feel that we are at war with ourselves. We want what we cannot have and need what we don&#8217;t want. We get addicted to bad things and lose interest in good things. We ruminate, we obsess, we snap, we regret. It is as if we are always trying to get to some fuller, better, more complete, more natural version of our lives and never quite get there.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Why are we so misaligned with our own brains? It turns out a lot of it has to do with a special but often misunderstood neurotransmitter called dopamine. It is dopamine that is the main tool our bodies use to drive us to look for more.</p>
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<p><span class="sc-2b8ea91d-2 ejktow"><span class="sc-2b8ea91d-2 ejktow">Evolution favours the restless, the unsatisfied, the novelty cravers tormented by visions of more. </span></span>The temptation is to assume that our lives as modern humans are unnatural, preventing us from realising some primeval happiness that our ancestors presumably all shared. The cavemen had no French fries, so they didn&#8217;t have to worry about obesity or force themselves to go to the gym. They spent their days blissfully walking in the woods gathering nuts and berries with plenty of fibre. They had no money or jobs or marriage or religion or drugs, so there was no inequality or violence or jealousy or hierarchy or addiction. It is only when we abandoned this hunter-gatherer paradise for the temptations of agriculture and civilisation that our lives became so discordant with our biological needs.</p>
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<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Of course, this vision of a carefree past is not actually true. We don&#8217;t know much about the psychology of our hunter-gatherer forebears, but there&#8217;s one thing we can be sure about: they were just as grumpy and restless as we are. Our frustration with life is nothing new. In fact, it is there by design – a design that runs much deeper than civilisation, deeper even than the human species.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">It is this design that keeps us perpetually aggravated, teasing us, prodding us, like a voice from an ancient, animalistic past that whispers into our ear: there&#8217;s more to life than what you have.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">We are not meant to feel satisfied by what we have. We are meant to look for more.<b id="" class="sc-d16436d-0 gnUCoQ"> </b></p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">To understand why, we need to look at how two parts of our brain – the cerebral cortex and the reward system, including dopamine – drive us in different directions.</p>
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<h2 class="sc-f98b1ad2-0 gXmhTb"><span id="the-brain-without-dopamine" class="sc-d16436d-0 gCPVhV"><b id="the-brain-without-dopamine" class="sc-d16436d-0 gnUCoQ">The brain without dopamine</b></span></h2>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">The cerebral cortex is our brain&#8217;s universal machine of understanding. It builds a model of reality for us and then tries to align it with the outside world – or vice versa, to align the outside world with the model. What it wants is not accurate analysis, but maximum alignment of reality with expectation, by whatever means necessary.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">There&#8217;s an apparent problem with this driving force toward maximum alignment, sometimes termed &#8220;<a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00130/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the dark room problem</a>&#8220;.  If all that the cortex wants is internal coherence, you would think that the easiest way to achieve that would be to find a dark corner in a dark room: cut off all sensory input and nothing needs explanation or modification.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Clearly, the mechanism is incomplete: there must be something that pushes the cortex out of the dark room of nonexperience and into the world of novelty, surprises, goals, and achievements. And there is indeed another module of the brain whose entire essence is to orchestrate precisely such a push. It is called the reward system, and dopamine is the main tool it uses to guide our decisions and motivations, a tool both wonderfully clever and frightfully diabolical. Dopamine is what keeps us moving forward.</p>
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<div class="sc-5340b511-1 jJmNMc" data-testid="image"><img class="sc-5340b511-0 hLdNfA" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0mvchlr.jpg.webp" sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcset="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0mvchlr.jpg.webp 160w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0mvchlr.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0mvchlr.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0mvchlr.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0mvchlr.jpg.webp 640w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0mvchlr.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0mvchlr.jpg.webp 1024w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0mvchlr.jpg.webp 1376w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0mvchlr.jpg.webp 1920w" alt="Serenity Strull Anything we do on top of basic reflexes, such as chewing food when it is placed in our mouth, is motivated by dopamine (Credit: Serenity Strull)" /></div><figcaption class="sc-536eff7b-0 gnQokQ"></figcaption></figure>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">To understand what that means, it&#8217;s helpful to look at what happens when you have no dopamine. A mysterious disease called encephalitis lethargica, which swept across the world from 1915 to 1926, presents a terrifying case study. It was most likely a complication of a common throat infection, which in a small fraction of patients, caused their own immune system to attack the brain, <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/140/8/2246/3970828" target="_blank" rel="noopener">putting them in a state of lethargy, or torpor</a> – not quite a coma, but what seemed more like unresponsive wakefulness.</p>
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<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Some patients would occasionally utter a word or two; some would catch a ball if it was thrown at them; they would chew food if it was placed in their mouth – but never reached out for the food on their own. Today we understand that this condition specifically affected the brain region called substantia nigra – one of the few places in the brain that produces dopamine.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">One of the patients was a young, wealthy New York socialite, later known by the pseudonym Rose R, who, in 1926, went to sleep and had a nightmare of being locked in an impregnable castle. The nightmare went on, uninterrupted, for 43 years.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Oliver Sacks, then a young New York neurologist, was <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Awakenings.html?id=2MYQKQEACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y" target="_blank" rel="noopener">put in charge of about 80 encephalitis lethargica patients</a> including Rose R at the Mt Carmel Hospital in the Bronx in 1969. He noticed that some of their symptoms resembled an extreme version of another disease, Parkinson&#8217;s, and decided to try them on a drug called L-DOPA, a promising new treatment. Within days of starting the treatment, patients including Rose R awoke, rose to their feet, and began walking around, striking up conversations with stupefied hospital staff.</p>
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<p><span class="sc-2b8ea91d-2 ejktow">Removing dopamine from the brain doesn&#8217;t simply paralyse it. Instead, it puts it in the dark room – a state of nonaction and nonexperience</span></div>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">To Sacks&#8217;s shock, the awakening was short-lived. For Rose, it lasted about a month. Some patients held out longer, but eventually their condition inevitably deteriorated. It was not until 1979, another 10 years, that Rose choked on a piece of food, and her nightmare ended.</p>
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<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">L-DOPA, the drug that Sacks used to temporarily bring Rose R back to life, is a precursor of dopamine. And while Sacks did not understand the mechanism at the time, <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278262683710419" target="_blank" rel="noopener">later research</a> on <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mds.21664" target="_blank" rel="noopener">encephalitis lethargica</a> helps us to infer what was likely happening to Rose R. Although most of her substantia nigra, the dopamine-producing brain region, was dead, it still had a few neurons surviving. These remaining neurons were able to convert the L-DOPA into actual dopamine, and Rose&#8217;s brain, deprived of it for decades and hypersensitive to its smallest trickle, responded with a dramatic burst of activity – the fleeting awakening. But then the brain recalibrated and that small trickle of dopamine turned out to be insufficient for normal life.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Basically, encephalitis lethargica shows what happens when the brain runs out of dopamine: it stalls. Removing dopamine from the brain doesn&#8217;t simply paralyse it. Instead, it puts it in the dark room – a state of nonaction and nonexperience in which it does not feel compelled to do anything at all. Anything we do on top of basic reflexes, such as chewing food when it is placed in our mouth, is motivated by dopamine. We would all be in the dark room were it not for the constant infusions of this chemical into our brains. Instead, we cannot wait to spend every waking moment of our lives in constant action. This is all because of dopamine.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">So it must be dopamine&#8217;s fault, then, that we spend every day battling with ourselves and always want to do the wrong things. If it&#8217;s there to motivate us, why is it doing such a bad job?</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">To answer this, we need to look at what precisely dopamine actually does.</p>
<h2 class="sc-f98b1ad2-0 gXmhTb"><span id="not-a-'pleasure-chemical'" class="sc-d16436d-0 gCPVhV"><b id="not-a-'pleasure-chemical'" class="sc-d16436d-0 gnUCoQ">Not a &#8216;pleasure chemical&#8217;</b></span></h2>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">The most basic way to understand dopamine is as a &#8220;pleasure chemical&#8221;. That explanation is helpful as a first pass, but it is wrong.</p>
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<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">The problem is that dopamine doesn&#8217;t actually cause pleasure. If you have a friend who takes Adderall (a drug used to treat ADHD that acts by squeezing out available dopamine from dopamine-producing neurons), they might tell you that the pills make them more focused, more productive, and put them &#8220;in the zone&#8221;, but <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.jneurosci.org/content/31/46/16597" target="_blank" rel="noopener">they don&#8217;t produce euphoria</a>. <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/21/8122" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Studies of rats show the same thing</a>: an injection of amphetamine (the same type of drug as Adderall) makes them work harder for rewards but doesn&#8217;t increase their enjoyment, based on facial expressions and paw motions associated with positive and negative reactions.</p>
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<div class="sc-5340b511-1 jJmNMc" data-testid="image"><img class="sc-5340b511-0 hLdNfA" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0mvchvt.jpg.webp" sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcset="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0mvchvt.jpg.webp 160w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0mvchvt.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0mvchvt.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0mvchvt.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0mvchvt.jpg.webp 640w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0mvchvt.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0mvchvt.jpg.webp 1024w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0mvchvt.jpg.webp 1376w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0mvchvt.jpg.webp 1920w" alt="Serenity Strull Studies of rats indicate that dopamine release aligns more with the surprise than with actual reward delivery (Credit: Serenity Strull)" /><span class="sc-5340b511-2 jVqbAn">Serenity Strull</span></div><figcaption class="sc-536eff7b-0 gnQokQ">Studies of rats indicate that dopamine release aligns more with the surprise than with actual reward delivery </figcaption></figure>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">A similar but slightly more sophisticated take is that dopamine is a &#8220;do more of that&#8221; chemical. It&#8217;s not about pleasure – it&#8217;s about memory. It helps the brain remember which actions led to the successes.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Wherever dopamine is released, memories are stored better, as if dopamine is telling the brain: &#8220;in the future, do more of what you just did&#8221;. The clearest example of this is in skill formation, which occurs in a brain region called <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/systems-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2023.1242929/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the basal ganglia</a>. When someone is learning how to dance, for example, dopamine selects successful dance motions and preserves them as a set, a unified combination that can be triggered all at once, directly from the basal ganglia, without the cortex having to think about every move.A skilled dancer then needs only to initiate this combination by thinking about the context – a particular moment in the song – and the sequence then &#8220;unpacks&#8221; itself, without conscious control. We call this &#8220;muscle memory&#8221; – in fact, it is basal ganglia memory, stored using dopamine signals that gradually optimise successful combinations of movements</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">The &#8220;do more of that&#8221; logic extends to other brain areas that receive dopamine, <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-abstract/13/11/1251/274051?redirectedFrom=fulltext&amp;login=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener">including the cerebral cortex</a>. Dopamine is released after something successful has been achieved; it strengthens the neurons and the connections between them that led to the success; we return to those neurons and those connections again and again.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">n the cortex, this might mean returning not just to neurons that execute an action, but to <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1053811913006253" target="_blank" rel="noopener">neurons that think about it</a> – and so &#8220;do more of that&#8221; applies to thoughts, too, if we find them successful. If you have an insight that suddenly illuminated a problem, for example, you will <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hbm.24073" target="_blank" rel="noopener">get a jolt</a> of <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811920302445" target="_blank" rel="noopener">dopamine</a>, and the neurons that were involved in that insight will solidify their connections. Next time, the insight will come more naturally. If a line in a song strikes an emotional chord, <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2726" target="_blank" rel="noopener">you will get a jolt of dopamine</a> and wake up the next morning to an earworm.</p>
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<p><span class="sc-2b8ea91d-2 ejktow">The precise relationship between the cerebral cortex and dopamine is one of the greatest unresolved questions in all of neuroscience</span></div>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Based on this explanation, dopamine helps us select the best actions and thoughts for achieving particular goals – do more of that, it tells the rest of the brain when a goal is achieved.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Except there is a twist: success doesn&#8217;t always result in dopamine. Actually, what causes a burst of dopamine is not just any success, but unexpected success.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Experiments in <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.275.5306.1593" target="_blank" rel="noopener">monkeys</a> and <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.jneurosci.org/content/24/6/1265.short" target="_blank" rel="noopener">rats</a> show that dopamine release most closely aligns not with the actual reward delivery, but with the surprise: the more unexpected the success, the more dopamine. This changes the &#8220;do more of that&#8221; logic quite a bit: it implies dopamine is more like a &#8220;better than expected&#8221; chemical, while its depletion means &#8220;worse than expected&#8221;.</p>
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<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">This is a more nuanced explanation for what dopamine does than simply &#8220;do more of that&#8221; or &#8220;pleasure chemical&#8221;. But it takes us back to the dark room problem.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Who decides what is expected and whether what is actually happening right now is better or worse than that? The <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-abstract/10/3/272/449595" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cerebral cortex does</a>. No other brain region has enough information to piece together, for example, what money is – and money is <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://journals.lww.com/neuroreport/abstract/2001/12040/dissociation_of_reward_anticipation_and_outcome.16.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a reliable source of dopamine in the human brain</a>. So it is the cortex that must tell the reward system about an unexpected success and in response receive dopamine.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">But wasn&#8217;t the only goal of the cortex to align reality with expectation, and be content as long as nothing is misaligned? What, then, motivates the cortex to stimulate itself with these dopamine infusions? It&#8217;s the dark room problem all over again. Once you deny dopamine its essential &#8220;pleasurability&#8221; it becomes unclear why we seem to be driven toward things that produce it, or why we are driven to anything at all.</p>
<h2 class="sc-f98b1ad2-0 gXmhTb"><span id="'figure-this-out'" class="sc-d16436d-0 gCPVhV"><b id="'figure-this-out'" class="sc-d16436d-0 gnUCoQ">&#8216;Figure this out&#8217;</b></span></h2>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">This is still an active area of research, and in my opinion, the precise relationship between the cerebral cortex and dopamine is one of the greatest unresolved questions in all of neuroscience.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Here&#8217;s how I think of it, though I might be proven wrong in the future.</p>
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<div class="sc-5340b511-1 jJmNMc" data-testid="image"><img class="sc-5340b511-0 hLdNfA" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0mvchxh.jpg.webp" sizes="(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw" srcset="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/160xn/p0mvchxh.jpg.webp 160w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/240xn/p0mvchxh.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0mvchxh.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0mvchxh.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p0mvchxh.jpg.webp 640w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p0mvchxh.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024xn/p0mvchxh.jpg.webp 1024w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1376xn/p0mvchxh.jpg.webp 1376w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p0mvchxh.jpg.webp 1920w" alt="Serenity Strull It may make most sense to think of dopamine as an imperative signal, telling you to &quot;figure this out&quot;, though more research is needed to confirm this (Credit: Serenity Strull)" /><span class="sc-5340b511-2 jVqbAn">Serenity Strull</span></div><figcaption class="sc-536eff7b-0 gnQokQ">It may make most sense to think of dopamine as an imperative signal, telling you to &#8220;figure this out&#8221;, though more research is needed to confirm this (Credit: Serenity Strull)</figcaption></figure>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Actually, what the cortex wants is to minimise dopamine, just as it wants to minimise all of its activity. But, ironically, it gets dopamine any time it identifies a situation it deems unexpectedly successful – that&#8217;s just how things are wired together!</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Rather than thinking of this dopamine jolt into the cortex as a positive, pleasurable signal, I think it makes more sense to think of it as an imperative signal: figure this out. For the cortex, &#8220;figuring out&#8221; means aligning reality and expectation, and you can do that by either changing reality or changing expectations. I would guess that dopamine must shift the balance of forces toward changing reality, compelling us to act rather than accept the state of things as they stand. As of writing this, however, I don&#8217;t know of any research that definitively shows that it does that.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Thinking of dopamine as a &#8220;figure this out&#8221; chemical explains the effects of both amphetamines on humans and <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVN6426oVgw&amp;t=1522s" target="_blank" rel="noopener">dopamine depletion on rodents</a>. It explains why Adderall can create &#8220;tunnel vision&#8221; in human patients. It explains why <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.jneurosci.org/content/32/18/6170.short" target="_blank" rel="noopener">people with low levels of dopamine experience lack of motivation</a>.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">It also explains our fascinating obsession with uncertainty.</p>
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<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">This is not unique to humans. Studies on the subject were <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2004-21805-000" target="_blank" rel="noopener">done on pigeons</a> but have since been <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.jneurosci.org/content/30/36/12020" target="_blank" rel="noopener">replicated</a> with <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1077349" target="_blank" rel="noopener">other animals, too</a>. You give these pigeons a button to peck and a reward as a result. Then you start changing the number of pecks required per reward. The more pecks required – say, 50 or a 100 pecks per reward – the more fatigued the pigeons seem after completing the task and the more reluctant they are to resume pecking.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA"><b id="more-like-this:" class="sc-d16436d-0 gnUCoQ">More like this:</b></p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">• <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20251013-how-your-hormones-control-your-mind" target="_self">How your hormones might be controlling your mind</a></p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">• <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20251231-nine-simple-steps-to-feeling-better-in-2026" target="_self">Nine science-backed ways to help you feel better in 2026</a></p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">• <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20260105-how-to-help-your-body-detox-itself" target="_self">How to help your body detox itself</a></p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">But make the number unpredictable, and the pigeons don&#8217;t stop. They continue pecking and pecking and pecking obsessively, regardless of how many times they get the reward. What motivates them is not the reward per se, but rather, a pattern yet to crack.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">It gets even better. Say you once again take some pigeons, put them in a cage, and install a button, but this time you simply deliver the reward at random times regardless of any pecking. Soon, <a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1901/jeab.1968.11-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a few of the pigeons start pecking the button</a>. Eventually, all of them do. They all dig in, trying to figure out a pattern when there&#8217;s no pattern to figure out – and so they make it up, gradually becoming convinced that they are causing the reward.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">All of this may sound almost painfully familiar. This is precisely why gambling and social media are so addictive: not just the monetary or social rewards, but their unpredictability. You never know which of your photos on Instagram will get a lot of likes or which of your TikToks will go viral. Casinos and social media networks amplify this unpredictability by delivering the rewards at random times – they are certainly well aware of these experiments on pigeons. Imagine how it would feel if all your &#8220;likes&#8221; arrived together, once a week, at a designated time. You would probably come to dread the day – it would hardly ever feel better than expected and mostly worse than expected.</p>
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<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">Viewed in this way, it starts to become clear why we seem so misaligned with our motivations no matter what we do. Dopamine does not mark up the world into &#8220;good&#8221; and &#8220;bad.&#8221; That would be easy: just do the &#8220;good&#8221; things, avoid &#8220;bad&#8221; things, and always stay motivated. Instead, dopamine marks an unexpected success – whatever we decide that means – and tells us &#8220;figure this out so you always have this success and are no longer surprised by it&#8221;.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">That might sound depressing. If that&#8217;s what dopamine really says to our brain, then no matter what we do, in the long run we will always end up bored and dissatisfied, <i id="and-that's-the-point" class="sc-d16436d-0 iVdNuz">and that&#8217;s the point</i>. But there&#8217;s a better way to look at it. The dread of boredom, the spectre of dissatisfaction is what makes us do new things. And new things are a way to find unexpected surprises – those rare, unpredictable morsels of joy that make our lives worth living.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">It is also a brilliant system, as far as its evolutionary value is concerned. Imagine two animals, one of whom is perfectly content with what it has and the other who easily gets bored and constantly looks for more. Which animal is more likely to survive in the long run? Dopamine is a bet on inevitable future change. Evolution favours the restless, the unsatisfied, the novelty cravers tormented by visions of more, because that keeps them from settling into place and, in the end, ensures their greater success.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA">As for peace of mind – well, you can live without that.</p>
<p class="sc-9a00e533-0 eZyhnA"><i id="*-this-article-is-based-on-an-extract-from-nikolay-kukushkin's-book," class="sc-d16436d-0 iVdNuz">* This article is based on an extract from Nikolay Kukushkin&#8217;s book, </i><a class="sc-f9178328-0 iCaRzc" href="https://swiftpress.com/book/one-hand-clapping/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><i id="one-hand-clapping" class="sc-d16436d-0 iVdNuz">One Hand Clapping</i></a><i id=",-first-published-in-english-in-october-2025." class="sc-d16436d-0 iVdNuz">, first published in English in October 2025. </i></p>
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		<title>19 more dengue patients hospitalized in 24 hrs</title>
		<link>http://bdnewsexpress.com/2026/01/22/19-more-dengue-patients-hospitalized-in-24-hrs/</link>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Jan 2026 18:37:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[BDNewsExpress]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[HEALTH]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bdnewsexpress.com/?p=27960</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A total of 19 people have been hospitalized with dengue disease across the country in the past 24 hours. The Health Emergency Operations Centre and Control Room of the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) disclosed it in a bulletin today saying no deaths were reported in the aforesaid time. Of the newly admitted patients, [&#8230;]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A total of 19 people have been hospitalized with dengue disease across the country in the past 24 hours.</p>
<p>The Health Emergency Operations Centre and Control Room of the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) disclosed it in a bulletin today saying no deaths were reported in the aforesaid time.</p>
<p>Of the newly admitted patients, six are from Barishal Division (outside city corporation areas), six from Chattogram Division (outside city corporation areas), three from Dhaka North City Corporation, three from Dhaka South City Corporation and one from Khulna Division (outside city corporation areas).</p>
<p>During the same period, 34 dengue patients were discharged, bringing the total number of released persons this year to 733.</p>
<p>So far in 2026, a total of 893 people have been infected with dengue, including 62.7 percent males and 37.3 percent females, with two deaths reported this year.<br />
A total of 102,861 people were infected and 413 died of dengue in 2025, while in 2024, 101,214 people were infected and 575 died of the disease.</p>
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